🐲. Difference between 하다 and 되다 connected to verbs:

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Beginning books only teach (되다) as "to become" and then it is rarely mentioned again until much later, but (되다) is one of the most common words in all of Korean.
It's used in so many different grammar patterns it can be hard to keep track of. But today I'm going to explain about the difference between verbs marked with 하다, and those with 되다.

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First, we have to understand that a lot of verbs come from nouns.
There are plenty of native korean verbs, things like (맞닥뜨리다), (들이닥치다), (흐르다), and so on and so forth.
Other verbs come from (한자) derived nouns (chinese characters) and basically have either a (하다) and a (되다) form.
When you look at a verb like this in a vocab book, they mostly leave off the 되다 and just tell you the 하다 version.

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What (되다) does in this case has nothing to do with the word (become), it has to do with passiveness. In Korean, there are several ways to make passive verbs. There are certain words which become passive by adding stems like (기 - 히 - 리).

💡. Examples :-
1. 뽑다 to select/choose → 뽑히다 to be selected/chosen
2. 걸다 to hang → 걸리다 to be hung

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Then you can also make passives by adding (아/어지다) to a verb.

💡. Common examples :-
1. 짓다 to build → 지어지다 to be built
2. 만들다 to make → 만들어지다 to be made
3. 주다 to give → 주어지다 to be given

Another example of passivity is to use words like (받다) or (당하다).

💡. Example :-

교통사고에서 사람 다섯 명은 부상을 당했어요. Five people were injured in a car accident.

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And then there is (되다), If there's a (하다) verb, there's likely a (되다) version. Not always, there are a few rare cases, but those are the exceptions :- (되다) as stated above, turns a verb passive, vs the active (하다).

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💡. Examples :-

1. 나는 투탕카멘왕의 무덤을 발견했다. I personally discovered King tuts tomb. (I went out and found it)
(This is an active sentence).

2. 투탕카멘왕의 무덤이 발견되었다. King Tut's tomb has been discovered.
(This is a passive sentence).

❗️. If you wanted to state who it had been discovered by, you could say something like :-

투탕카멘왕의 무덤이 (person's name)이라고 하는 집단에 의해 발견되었다.
But, It's more common to use the active voice in this situation.

3. 나는 반 친구하고 사회 문제를 논의했다. I debated social problems with my classmates.
(This's also an active sentence).
There is an active "doer" of the verb {논의(하다)}.

4. 수업에서 사회 문제가 논의되었다.
Here, there is no active "doer" of the debating, and we end up with a translation something like : "Social problems were debated in class".

5. 시민들이 사회적 운동에 힘을 쏟아 독재 정권을 전복하였다. The citizens poured their energy into social movements and overthrew the dictatorship. (They did that)
(This is an active sentence).

6. 1679년에 독재 정권이 전복되었다.
(This is a passive sentence). We don't know how the dictatorship was overthrown, that information is not in here. This would translate more closely to something like "In 1679, the military dictatorship was overthrown".

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🪀. Explaining the difference between "되다" and "하다" when they're attached to verbs has ended~ 💕💫