π Azithromycin
Uses:
πΉ Respiratory Tract Infections: Treats pneumonia, bronchitis, and sinusitis.
πΉ Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: Commonly used for cellulitis.
πΉ STIs: Effective against Chlamydia trachomatis and gonorrhea (with ceftriaxone).
πΉ Mycobacterial Infections: Part of therapy for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC).
πΉ Travelerβs Diarrhea: Treats bacterial causes, especially Campylobacter jejuni.
πΉ Otolaryngologic Infections: Otitis media, pharyngitis.
πΉ COVID-19 (Off-label): Investigated for anti-inflammatory effects.
Antimicrobial Spectrum:
πΉ Active against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila.
πΉ Covers gram-positive, gram-negative, and atypical bacteria.
πΉ Limited anaerobic activity.
Dose:
πΉ Adults:
β’ Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Oral/IV):
β’ 500 mg on day 1, then 250 mg daily for 4 days.
β’ Chlamydia (Oral):
β’ 1 g single dose.
β’ Gonorrhea (Oral):
β’ 2 g single dose (with ceftriaxone).
β’ Mycobacterial Infections (Oral):
β’ 500 mg once daily.
πΉ Pediatrics:
β’ Otitis Media (Oral/IV):
β’ 10 mg/kg day 1, then 5 mg/kg for 4 days.
β’ Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis (Oral/IV):
β’ 12 mg/kg once daily for 5 days.
β’ Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Oral/IV):
β’ 10 mg/kg day 1, then 5 mg/kg for 4 days.
Presentation:
πΉ Tablets: 250 mg, 500 mg, 600 mg.
πΉ Oral Suspension: 100 mg/5 mL, 200 mg/5 mL.
πΉ IV Solution: 500 mg/vial.
Notes:
πΉ Mechanism of Action:
β’ Binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.
πΉ Pharmacokinetics:
β’ Absorption: Rapid, bioavailability ~37%.
β’ Distribution: High tissue concentration.
β’ Half-life: ~68 hours.
β’ Metabolism: Minimal hepatic metabolism.
β’ Excretion: Mostly excreted in bile.
πΉ Side Effects:
β’ Common: Nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain.
β’ Serious: QT prolongation, torsades de pointes, hepatotoxicity.
πΉ Contraindications:
β’ Hypersensitivity to azithromycin or macrolides.
β’ Cholestatic jaundice or liver dysfunction from prior use.
πΉ Drug Interactions:
β’ Antacids with magnesium/aluminum reduce absorption.
β’ Warfarin: May enhance anticoagulation effects.
β’ Caution with QT-prolonging drugs (e.g., amiodarone).
πΉ Special Considerations:
β’ Pregnancy and Lactation: Category B, generally safe.
β’ Elderly: Monitor for QT prolongation.
β’ Renal & Hepatic Impairment: Caution in severe liver disease.
γ°γ°γ°γ°γ°γ°γ°γ°γ°
Uses:
πΉ Respiratory Tract Infections: Treats pneumonia, bronchitis, and sinusitis.
πΉ Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: Commonly used for cellulitis.
πΉ STIs: Effective against Chlamydia trachomatis and gonorrhea (with ceftriaxone).
πΉ Mycobacterial Infections: Part of therapy for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC).
πΉ Travelerβs Diarrhea: Treats bacterial causes, especially Campylobacter jejuni.
πΉ Otolaryngologic Infections: Otitis media, pharyngitis.
πΉ COVID-19 (Off-label): Investigated for anti-inflammatory effects.
Antimicrobial Spectrum:
πΉ Active against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila.
πΉ Covers gram-positive, gram-negative, and atypical bacteria.
πΉ Limited anaerobic activity.
Dose:
πΉ Adults:
β’ Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Oral/IV):
β’ 500 mg on day 1, then 250 mg daily for 4 days.
β’ Chlamydia (Oral):
β’ 1 g single dose.
β’ Gonorrhea (Oral):
β’ 2 g single dose (with ceftriaxone).
β’ Mycobacterial Infections (Oral):
β’ 500 mg once daily.
πΉ Pediatrics:
β’ Otitis Media (Oral/IV):
β’ 10 mg/kg day 1, then 5 mg/kg for 4 days.
β’ Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis (Oral/IV):
β’ 12 mg/kg once daily for 5 days.
β’ Community-Acquired Pneumonia (Oral/IV):
β’ 10 mg/kg day 1, then 5 mg/kg for 4 days.
Presentation:
πΉ Tablets: 250 mg, 500 mg, 600 mg.
πΉ Oral Suspension: 100 mg/5 mL, 200 mg/5 mL.
πΉ IV Solution: 500 mg/vial.
Notes:
πΉ Mechanism of Action:
β’ Binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.
πΉ Pharmacokinetics:
β’ Absorption: Rapid, bioavailability ~37%.
β’ Distribution: High tissue concentration.
β’ Half-life: ~68 hours.
β’ Metabolism: Minimal hepatic metabolism.
β’ Excretion: Mostly excreted in bile.
πΉ Side Effects:
β’ Common: Nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain.
β’ Serious: QT prolongation, torsades de pointes, hepatotoxicity.
πΉ Contraindications:
β’ Hypersensitivity to azithromycin or macrolides.
β’ Cholestatic jaundice or liver dysfunction from prior use.
πΉ Drug Interactions:
β’ Antacids with magnesium/aluminum reduce absorption.
β’ Warfarin: May enhance anticoagulation effects.
β’ Caution with QT-prolonging drugs (e.g., amiodarone).
πΉ Special Considerations:
β’ Pregnancy and Lactation: Category B, generally safe.
β’ Elderly: Monitor for QT prolongation.
β’ Renal & Hepatic Impairment: Caution in severe liver disease.
γ°γ°γ°γ°γ°γ°γ°γ°γ°