GP Doctor ๐Ÿ‘จ๐Ÿปโ€โš•๏ธ๐Ÿ‘ฉ๐Ÿปโ€โš•๏ธ


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๐ŸŒŸ ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุทุจูŠุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุฅุณุชูุงุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุชู‚ุฏูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุทุจูŠ ูˆุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ู„ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฎุตูˆุตุง ุงู„ุงุทุจุงุก ูˆุงู„ุฎุฑูŠุฌูŠู† ููŠ ุณูˆู‚ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ๐Ÿ’‰
ู„ู„ุชูˆุงุตู„ @medd99bot
ุงู†ุณุชุฌุฑุงู…
https://instagram.com/dmedicine99

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Iran, Persian
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๐ŸŒ€HbA 1c is affected by many factors:
โœ… Elevated HbA1c can occur in iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, alcohol dependence, chronic renal failure, hyperbilirubinaemia and splenectomy

โœ… Reduced HbA1c can occur in chronic liver disease, hypertriglyceridaemia, some haemoglobinopathies, splenomegaly, rheumatoid arthritis and certain medications, including iron or vitamins B12 , C or E, antiretrovirals and dapsone.
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๐ŸŒ€ ุนู„ุงุฌ ูˆู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ู…ุฑูŠุถุฉ ูƒุณู„ ุงู„ุบุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„:

Levothyroxine sodium:
Start at dose : 25 ug in:
1- 50yrs or older
2-cardiac pt.
3- severe hypothyroid
.
Start at dose:
50-100 ug inย  other patients
.
Follow up with :
TSH
FT4
every 8-12 wks
.
ุงู„ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฑูŠุถุฉ ุงู„ุบุฏุฉ ุจู†ุชุงุจุน ุจุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููˆู‚ ุจุณ
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
Free T3
ู…ุด ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต ูˆู„ุง ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ
.
ุทูŠุจ ุทู„ุจ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ู„ู„ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู‚ุฑุฃ ูƒุฐุง ุฑู‚ู… ููŠ ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุงู„ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู‚ุฑุฃ ุจุนุฏ 6 ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน
ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู† 8-12 ุฃุณุจูˆุน
ูˆุงู„
Lancet
ู‚ุงู„ุช ูƒู„ 3 ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ู†ุนูŠุฏ ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„
.
ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุฉ ูƒุณู„ ุงู„ุบุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
TSH 0.5 -2.5
ูˆุจุนุฏ ูƒุฏุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูƒู„ ุณู†ุฉ ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„
.
ุงู„
Lancet
ู‚ุงู„ุช ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุชุญู„ูŠู„ูŠู† ูƒูˆูŠุณูŠู† ูˆุฑุงุก ุจุนุถ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ 3 ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุนู„ุดุงู† ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ูƒุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุฉ ู…ุถุจูˆุทุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
ูˆุจุนุฏ ูƒุฏุฉ
ุงุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ูƒู„ ุณู†ุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ
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๐ŸŒ€Weight loss with normal appetite:
thyrotoxicosis
Pheochromocytoma
malabsorption
DM
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๐ŸŒ€ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุช ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุณูƒุฑ ูˆุณู†ูƒ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุนูŠู†
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‚ุฑุต ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ุงู‡ู… ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู‚ุฑุต ุงู„ู…ู‚ูˆูŠุงุช

ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุช ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุถุบุท ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆู…
ู‚ุฑุต ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ุถุบุท ุงู‡ู… ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู‚ุฑุต ุงู„ุงุณุจุฑูŠู†

ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ุถุบุท ูˆุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ู‡ูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุฌู„ุทุงุช ูˆู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงุฎุฑู‰
ุงู„ุงุณุจุฑูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ู‚ูˆูŠุงุช ู…ุด ู‡ูŠู…ู†ุนู‡ุง
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๐ŸŒ€ ู…ุชู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุจุฏุงย  ุฃุณุชุฎุฏู… atorvastatin ุจุฌุฑุนุฉ 80mg ูˆู…ุชู‰ ุจุฌุฑุนุฉ 40 mg ?

โœ…ุงูˆู„ุง:- ุจุฌุฑุนุฉ 40mg ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ Hypercholesterolemia ู…ุนย  mixed hyperlipidemiย  ูˆุง target ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡
- patients requiring >45% reduction in LDL-C may be started at 40 mg once daily.
-ุงุฐุง ู„ู… ูŠุชุญู‚ู‚ ู…ุนุงูƒ targetย  ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฑูุน does ุงู„ู‰ 80mg ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู….

โœ…ุซุงู†ูŠุง :-ุจุฌุฑุนุฉ 80 mg ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ูƒ Prevention of cardiovascular disease/reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular. disease
๐Ÿ†˜ย Primary Prevention

1โƒฃู…ุน ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูƒุงู† LDL-C โ‰ฅ190 mg/dL and age 20 to 75 year ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡
80 mg once daily.
-ุงุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู„ู…ย ูŠูƒู†ย  unable to tolerate does ู†ู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ู‰ 40mgร— OD
2โƒฃDiabetes, age 40 to 75 years, and an estimated 10-year ASCVD risk โ‰ฅ7.5%:
ู†ุจุฏุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจ atorvas ุจุฌุฑุนุฉ๐Ÿ‘‡
ย -80 mg once daily.
--ุงุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู„ู…ย  ูŠูƒู† unable to tolerate does ู†ู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ู‰ 40mgร— OD

๐Ÿ†˜Secondary prevention.
- ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช secondary ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ูƒ prevention ู…ุซู„ย 
โน ASCVDย  ( coronary heart disease, stroke/TIA, or peripheral arterial disease presumed to be of atherosclerotic origin) or is post-CABG.
โฌ…๏ธููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุชย  ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ๐Ÿ‘‡๐Ÿ‘‡
โฉAgeย  โ‰ค75 years.
ย  ู†ุจุฏุงย  ููŠ atorvas ุจุฌุฑุนุฉ 80mg ร—OD
๐Ÿ“–-Reference:
- Lexicomp.


๐ŸŒ€ ุฎู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ูƒ ู…ู† ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ anaphylactic shock ๐Ÿ˜ฒ
ุนู„ุงุฌุฉ Adrenaline IM ุจุชุฏูŠู„ู‡ ุชู„ุช ุงู„ุฃู…ุจูˆู„ ๐Ÿ˜‰ ูˆู„ูˆ ู…ููŠุด ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ุชุฏูŠู„ู‡ ุชู„ุช ุงู„ุงู…ุจูˆู„ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุนุฏ ุฎู…ุณ ุฏู‚ุงูŠู‚ ๐Ÿ˜‰ูˆู„ูˆ ู…ููŠุด ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ุจุชุฏูŠู„ู‡ ุงู„ุชู„ุช ุงู„ุงุฎูŠุฑ ๐Ÿ˜‰ูˆู„ูˆ ู…ููŠุด ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ุณุงุนุชู‡ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุฎุด ุนู†ุงูŠุฉ ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ุฌุฏุงู‹
ู„ูƒู† ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹ ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจูŠุฏูŠ ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ
ูˆู„ูˆ ู…ููŠุด ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงุฏุฑูŠู†ุงู„ูŠู† ู‡ุชุนู…ู„ ุงูŠู‡ ู„ุบุงูŠู‡ ู…ุง ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ูŠุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุงุฏุฑูŠู†ุงู„ูŠู†..........ุŸ
ู‡ู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ูŠุงุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ๐Ÿ˜Œโค๏ธ
ุงู„ุงุฎุชูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ Adrenaline
ูˆู„ูˆ ู…ุด ู…ุชุงุญ ุฃูˆ ุฎุงูŠู ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„
Rapid acting corticosteroid
Hydrocortisone ุฒูŠ solucortef
ู„ูƒู† Dexa ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ูˆู‚ุช ุนู„ุดุงู† ูŠุดุชุบู„
ูˆู„ู„ุฃุณู ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุทูˆุงุฑู‰ุก ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุช
ูˆุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ ูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุฏูŠ ู…ู† ุฏู…ุงุบ ุฒู…ู„ุงุฆู†ุง ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจุตุนูˆุจุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุงุชุนูˆุฏูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…
ูˆู„ูˆ ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„dexa ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงูƒูŠุฏ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงู†ู‡ intermediate acting
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ุญุงู„ุชูŠู† ู‡ุชุดูˆูู‡ู… ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุจุงู„ ูˆุนุดุงู† ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ู…ู† ูุถู„ูƒ ุงุทู„ุจ ABG ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุบุงุฒุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ DKA ููŠ Metabolic acidosis ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ no acidosis
https://t.me/medicine99


๐ŸŒ€ ุฎู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ูƒ
ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุชุถุฎู… ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุณุชุงุชุง ูˆุจูŠุงุฎุฏ alpha1 blockersูˆู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญ ูŠุดูŠู„ ุฃุณู†ุงู†ู‡ ูˆู‚ู ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ูŠุฑูˆุญ ูŠุดูŠู„ ุฃุณู†ุงู†ู‡ ุนุดุงู† ุงูŠู‡ ุจู‚ุง ........ุŸ
1_ุจู†ุฌ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ู…ุน ุนู„ุงุฌ ุชุถุฎู… ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุณุชุงุชุง ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุญุฏูˆุซ ุงู„ increase the risk of methemoglobinemia
2_ุงุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุชุถุฎู… ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุณุชุงุชุง ุจุชู‚ู„ู„ ู…ูุนูˆู„ ุงู„ุจู†ุฌ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู‡ูŠุญุณ ุจูˆุฌุน ุดุฏูŠุฏ ูˆุงู†ุช ุจุชุดูŠู„ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู†
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๐ŸŒ€ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ hyperthyroidism ุŸ!
ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡
1_propylthiouracil
ุจูŠู…ู†ุน ุดุบู„ ูˆุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ thyroid peroxidase ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„ ุงู† ูŠุญุตู„ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ T4 ู„ T3 .
ูˆุฎู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ูƒ ุงู…ู‡ ุฃู…ู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ูˆุงูƒุชุฑ Side effects ุจู†ุฎุงู ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ hepatic failure.
2_Methimazole
ุจูŠู…ู†ุน ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ูˆุดุบู„ ุงู„ thyroid peroxidase ูู‚ุท ูˆุบูŠุฑ ุฃู…ู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญู…ู„
3_glucocorticoids
ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุชูŠุฒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠู…ู†ุน ุจุฑุถูˆ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ T4 ู„ูŠ T3 ูˆุจูŠุฏูŠ ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุฌู…ูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹
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๐ŸŒ€ ู…ุด ูƒู„ ุนูŠุงู† ู…ุด ู…ุฑุชุงุญ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ ุธู‡ุฑู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ pulmonary edema โ›”
ุนูŠุงู† ุงู„ Obstructive sleep apnea ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุฑุชุงุญ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู†ุงูŠู… supine ู„ุฃู† ุฏู‡ ูˆุถุน ุจูŠุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ู‚ูู„ ุงู„ airways ู‡ูŠุฑุชุงุญ ู„ูˆ ู†ุงู… ููŠ lateral or prone positions โœ…
https://t.me/medicine99
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๐ŸŒ€ Dexamethasone โ€ฆ

โฌ…๏ธุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ู ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ Croup ู ุงู„ุงุทูุงู„ ุจุฌุฑุนุฉ ูก ุณู… ู„ูƒู„ ูกู  ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ุจุญุฏ ุงู‚ุตู‰ 2cm..

โฌ…๏ธุจู†ุณุฎุฏู…ู‡ ู ุงู„ acute asthmaโ€ฆ

โฌ…๏ธู„ูŠู‡ ุฏูˆุฑ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ู ุงู„ pneumonia ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุถูŠูู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ุณูŠูุชุฑูŠุงูƒุณูˆู† โ€ฆ.ูˆุจูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุญุณู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูˆุจูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ูุฑุตุฉ ุญุฌุฒู‡ุง ู ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุงูˆ ู…ุฏุฉ ุญุฌุฒู‡ุง โ€ฆ

โฌ…๏ธูƒูˆูŠุณ ุฌุฏุง ุฌุฏุง ู ุงู„ acute follicular pharyngitis โ€ฆ


โฌ…๏ธู ุงู„ Severe pain ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุชุฎู„ุท ู…ุน ุงู„ุฏูŠูƒู„ูˆููŠู†ุงูƒ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ synergism ู‚ูˆู‰ ุฌุฏุง โ€ฆ

โฌ…๏ธุญู„ูˆ ุฌุฏุง ู ุงู„ resistant fever ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ุด ุจุชุณุชุฌูŠุจ ู„ู„ antipyreticsโ€ฆ

โฌ…๏ธุจู†ุฎู„ุทู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ุงููŠู„ ู ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุญุณุงุณูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ urticaria ูˆุงู„ mild anaphylaxis ..

https://t.me/medicine99
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๐ŸŒ€ ุนุดุงู† ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุดุฎุต ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุณุช ุญุงู…ู„ ู…ูŠู†ูุนุด ุชุนู…ู„ ู„ู‡ุง Random blood glucose ุงูˆ ุญุชู‰ HbA1C ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒู…ูŠ.
ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุนู…ู„ ู„ู‡ุง Oral glucose tolerance test
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๐ŸŒ€ ูุฑู‚ ุจุณูŠุท ุจุณ ู…ู‡ู… ุจูŠู† ุงู„ thrombocytopenia & Hemophilia
ุฅู† ุงู„ thrombocytopenia ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู†ุฒูŠู ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ trauma ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ Hemophilia ู„ุงุฒู…ู„ู‡ุง trauma ุนุดุงู† ุชู†ุฒู
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๐ŸŒ€ ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู…ุฑูŠุถุฉ ูƒุณู„ ุบุฏุฉ ุฏุฑู‚ูŠุฉ ุจุชุชุนุงู„ุฌ ุจู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุบุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุนูˆูŠุถูŠ ูˆุจู„ุบุชูƒ ุงู† ุทุจูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ุณุงุก ุญุฏุฏู„ู‡ุง ุงู‚ุฑุงุต ู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุญู…ู„ OCP ูƒูˆุณูŠู„ุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุญู…ู„.
..ุงูˆุนูŠ ุชู†ุณูŠ ุชุนูŠุฏ ุชู‚ูŠูŠู… ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุบุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‚ูŠุฉ ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ู‡ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุชุฑูุน ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุฉ.
..ู„ุงู† ุงู„ุญุจูˆุจ ุจุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ุฏุฑู‚ูŠุฉ thyroxine binding globulin ูˆุจุชู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ุตูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ู†ุดุทุฉ FT4 ูˆุฏุง ุจูŠุณุจุจ ู„ุฎุจุทุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ู ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ูŠ ู„ู„ุบุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‚ูŠุฉ.
ู‡ุชุดูˆู ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุฏูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูƒู…ู…ุงุฑุณ ุนุงู… ุงูˆ ุทุจูŠุจ ุชูƒู„ูŠู.
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๐ŸŒ€ ุฌุฑุนุงุช Metronidazole (Flagyl ) ู„ู„ Adults ุทุจู‚ุง ู„ Uptodate 2024

1. Amebiasis (Intestinal or Extraintestinal):
ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุฉ: 500-750 ู…ุฌู… 3 ู…ุฑุงุช ูŠูˆู…ูŠุงู‹ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ 7-10 ุฃูŠุงู….

2. Bacterial Vaginosis:
ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุฉ: 500 ู…ุฌู… ู…ุฑุชูŠู† ูŠูˆู…ูŠุงู‹ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ 7 ุฃูŠุงู….

3. Bite Wound Infection:
ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุฉ: 500 ู…ุฌู… ูƒู„ 8 ุณุงุนุงุช ู„ู…ุฏุฉ 3-5 ุฃูŠุงู… (ูˆู‚ุงูŠุฉ) ุฃูˆ 5-14 ุฃูŠุงู… (ุนู„ุงุฌ).

4. Clostridioides Difficile Infection:
ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุฉ: 500 ู…ุฌู… 3 ู…ุฑุงุช ูŠูˆู…ูŠุงู‹ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ 10-14 ุฃูŠุงู….

5. Giardiasis:
ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุฉ: 250 ู…ุฌู… 3 ู…ุฑุงุช ูŠูˆู…ูŠุงู‹ ุฃูˆ 500 ู…ุฌู… ู…ุฑุชูŠู† ูŠูˆู…ูŠุงู‹ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ 5-7 ุฃูŠุงู….

6. Helicobacter Pylori Eradication:
ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุฉ: 500 ู…ุฌู… 3 ู…ุฑุงุช ูŠูˆู…ูŠุงู‹ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ 10-14 ุฃูŠุงู… (ุถู…ู† ู†ุธุงู… ุซู„ุงุซูŠ ุฃูˆ ุฑุจุงุนูŠ).

7. Intra-abdominal Infection:
ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุฉ: 500 ู…ุฌู… ูƒู„ 8 ุณุงุนุงุช ู„ู…ุฏุฉ 4-5 ุฃูŠุงู….
https://t.me/medicine99
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๐ŸŒ€ ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุงู„ pericarditis ุจุนุฏ ุชุดุฎูŠุตู‡ ุจู†ุญุฏุฏ ู‡ู†ุนุงู„ุฌู‡ ููŠู† ุŸ
ูŠุฑูˆุญ ูˆูŠุงุฎุฏ ุนู„ุงุฌ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุช ูˆู„ุง ูŠุชุญุฌุฒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุŸ
ู„ูˆ ููŠู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„
Markers of poor prognosis
ุจูŠุชุญุฌุฒ ูˆูŠุจุฏุง ุนู„ุงุฌ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ูˆู†ุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู† ูˆุฌุฏ
https://t.me/medicine99
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๐ŸŒ€ ู„ูˆ ู„ู‚ูŠุช Microcytic anemia ูˆุญุงูˆู„ุช ุชุนุงู„ุฌู‡ุง ุจุงู„ iron ู…ู„ู‚ุชุด ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉุŒย  ุฑูˆุญุช ู…ุฏูŠู‡ุง pyridoxine ุงู„ู„ูŠย  ู‡ูˆ vitamin b6 ู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ุง ุงุชุญุณู†ุช ุงุนุฑู ุงู† ุฏูŠ sideroblastic anemia
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๐ŸŒ€ ู„ูˆ ู…ุนุงูƒ ุญุงู„ุฉ Pneumonia ูˆุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฒุงุฑุน ุนุงูŠุฒ ุชุจุฏุฃู„ู‡ุง Antibiotics empirically ููŠูุถู„ ุชูƒูˆู† ูƒุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ๐Ÿ‘ˆ

๐Ÿ’ฅ ุนูŠุงู† ุฌุงูŠ ุจ pneumonia ู…ู† ุจูŠุชู‡
CAP : Tavanic or Zithromax or Klacid

๐Ÿ’ฅ ุนูŠุงู† ุฌุงุชู„ู‡ pneumonia ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุญุฌูˆุฒ ู…ุนุงูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰
HAP : Meronem or Tazocin or Maxipeme

๐Ÿ’ฅ ุนูŠุงู† ุฌุงูŠู„ูƒ ุจ pneumonia ุจุนุฏ aspiration ูˆุฏู‡ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุนูŠุงู† stroke or DCL or seizure ุฃูˆ ู…ุฑูƒุจ NGT ูˆู„ุฃู† ุงู„ oropharynx ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ anerobes ูุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠุชุนุงู„ุฌ ุจ Dalacin
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๐ŸŒ€ ุญุงู„ุฉ common ูˆ simple ุจุณ 99% ู…ู†ู†ุง ุจูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุบู„ุท .. ูˆู…ูŠู† ููŠู†ุง ู…ุญุฏุด ุฌู‡ ู‚ุงู„ู‡ ุถู‡ุฑูŠ ู…ู† ุชุญุช ุจูŠูˆุฌุนู†ูŠ ูŠุง ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ูุฑุงุญ ุตุงุฑูู„ู‡ ุดุฑูŠุท ุงู„ muscle relaxant ู…ุน ุงู„ analgesic ุงู„ู…ุชูŠู† ... ูˆูŠุงู‡ ุจู‚ู‰ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุญุจ ูŠุญุท ุงู„ุชุงุชุด ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงุนู…ู„ ูƒู…ุงุฏุงุช ุฏุงููŠุฉ .. ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒุฏุฉ ุฌุจุฑุช ุฃูˆูŠ =D

ุงู„ุชุตุฑู ุฏู‡ ุตุญูŠุญ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุตุญูŠุญ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุณุจู‚ู‡ 7 ุฎุทูˆุงุช , ู„ูˆ ู…ุนู…ู„ุชุด ู‚ุจู„ู‡ 7 ุฎุทูˆุงุช ููƒุฏุฉ ุฃุจู‚ู‰ ูƒูุชุฌูŠ ู…ุด ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ .. ุฅุฒุงูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ุŸ

ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุญุงู„ุฉ low back pain ูู‡ูŠ ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† mechanical low back pain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุนุงู„ู…ู†ุง ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ุจูˆุณุช , ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุณุจุน ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุฎุทูŠู‡ู… ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ู…ุด ุนุดุงู† ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ุจู…ุจุฏุฃ what common is common , ู„ุฃ ุนุดุงู† ุจู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ู€ exclude ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆู„ู…ุง ู†ุทู…ู† ู†ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ูƒุญุงู„ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ... ุฃูŠู‡ ู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ุณุจุน ุฎุทูˆุงุช ูˆุฅุฒุงูŠ ู‡ุณุชุซู†ูŠู‡ู… :

1- Cauda equina :
sphincter dysfunction (( urinary or fecal incontinence ))
Urinary retention
saddle anesthesia (( perineal loss of sensation ))
Neurogenic problems in both legs

ู„ูˆ ู„ู‚ูŠุช ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฏู‡ , ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏู‡ ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ (( ู…ุด ุฑูŠููŠุฑ ู„ุนูŠุงุฏุฉ ู…ุฎ ูˆุฃุนุตุงุจ )) ู„ุฃ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ูŠุนู…ู„ MRI ุญุงู„ุงุช ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุญุตู„ ู‡ุชุจู‚ู‰ irreversible ูˆู…ุด ู‡ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุณุชุฑุฌุนู‡ุง ุชุงู†ูŠ .

2- infection :
Fever - leucocytosis - CRP - ESR
Localised tenderness
immunocomprmised - IV drug abuser - DM - previous TB

ูƒู„ ุฏู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงุณุฃู„ ุนู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ู„ู‚ูŠุช ู…ู†ู‡ ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ , ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠุชุจุนุช ูŠุนู…ู„ MRI ูˆ Blood culture ูˆูŠุชุญูˆู„ .

3- Fructure :
sudden onset of pain
old age
osteoporosis
ูˆุงู„ osteoporosis ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† known ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† suspected ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุง ุงู†ุง ูˆู„ุง ู‡ูˆ ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู‡ุดุงุดุฉ ุจุณ ุงู†ุง ุนุฑูุช ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ long term steroid ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง .

ุณุงุนุชู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ูŠุชุนู…ู„ู‡ x-ray ูˆูŠุชุญูˆู„ .

4- Tumor :
old age
active or previous cancer anywhere in the body (( metastasis ))
fever , anorexia , weight loss
focal tenderness

ู„ูˆ ู„ู‚ูŠุช ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ู† ุฏูˆู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ MRI ูˆูŠุชุญูˆู„ .

5- inflammatory :
ุณุงุนุชู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฑูˆู…ุงุชูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ , ุฃุดูƒ ููŠู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ุฃู„ุงู‚ูŠ
Morning stiffness - symptoms resolved with excercise - nocturnal pain - sacroiliac tenderness - radiated to buttocks - unexplained elevated ESR & CRP

ุณุงุนุชู‡ุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ x-ray ูˆูŠุชุญูˆู„ ุฑูˆู…ุงุชูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ

6- Herniated disk :
acute onset - due to binding or lifting - pain icreased by sneezing, cough, straining ,sitting & releaved by standing
confirmed by strech nerve tests
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ sciatica ุจู†ุฃูƒุฏู‡ุง ุจ test ุฅู† ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ูŠู†ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุถู‡ุฑุฉ ูˆูŠุนู…ู„ flexion ู„ู„ hip ุจุฑูุน ุงู„ limb ูƒู„ู‡ ู„ููˆู‚ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ูุฑูˆุฏ .. ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุฃู„ู… ุฒุงุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒุฏุฉ sciatica
ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ femoral nerve ุงู„ุนูŠุงู† ุจูŠู†ุงู… ุนู„ ุจุทู†ู‡ ูˆูŠุนู…ู„ flexion ู„ู„ knee ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุฑูุน ุณุงู‚ู‡ ูู‚ุท ุณุงุนุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃู„ู… ูŠุฒูŠุฏ
ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุดูˆููˆุง ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ุงู„ tests ุฏูŠ ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ุฃูุถู„ .

ุฏู‡ ุณุงุนุชู‡ุง ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌ analgesics ูˆุนู„ุงุฌ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุดู‡ุฑูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ูˆ ุฒุงุฏ ุนู† ูƒุฏุฉ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุชุญูˆู„ .

7- lumbar stenosis :
ุฏู‡ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนูŠุงู† ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ูˆุฌุนู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† slowly progressive ูˆุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุจุงู„ูˆู‚ูุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุดูŠ ูˆุงู„ extension ูˆุจูŠู‚ู„ ุจุงู„ู‚ุนุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ู†ูˆู… ูˆุงู„ flexion , ูˆู‡ูŠุญุชุงุฌ MRI ูˆูŠุชุญูˆู„ .

ุจุนุฏ ุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุง ุฃูƒูˆู† ุงุณุชุซู†ูŠุช ูƒู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู„ ุฏู‡ , ุฃู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุบุงู„ุจุง Mechanical low back pain ูˆู‡ูˆุตูู„ู‡ ุฃุญุฏ ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณูˆู‚ ุฒูŠ myofen or dimra or methoquick or relax ู…ุน ุงู„ูƒู…ุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุฏุงููŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุธู‡ุฑ ูˆู…ุชู†ุตุญูˆุด ุจุงู„ุฑุงุญุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุฑ (( ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ู…ุด ุบู„ุทุฉ ู…ุทุจุนูŠุฉ =D )) ู…ุชู†ุตุญูˆุด ุจุงู„ุฑุงุญุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุฑ ูˆู„ุง ุชู†ุตุญู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠู…ุงุฑุณ ุดุบู„ ุดุงู‚ .. ูŠู…ุงุฑุณ ุงู„ู…ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ูˆูŠู…ุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุดู‡ุฑ ุจุงู„ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ูˆ ู„ุณุฉ ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ MRI ูˆูŠุชุญูˆู„ .

ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุชู†ุงูˆู„ูƒ ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู… ู„ู„ู€ case ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุญุฉ ุชุงุฎุฏ anti ko7a ูˆุงู„ fever ุชุงุฎุฏ anti fever ๐Ÿ˜

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