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هم میهنان گرامی همه نوشته های پیشین در همین سه بخش به صورت تلگراف درامده است، روی لینک های آبی کلیک کنید و از مطالب لذت ببرید، و لطفا آن را به دست دیگران برسانید

Iranian civilization has made significant contributions to the development of hospitals and medicine. The Academy of Gundishapur, established around 271 AD during the Sassanian Empire, is often cited as one of the earliest institutions combining medical education and hospital care. This academy housed a medical school, a hospital (bimaristan), a pharmacology laboratory, a translation house, a library, and an observatory, serving as a center for medical knowledge and practice.
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While the Academy of Gundishapur was a pioneering institution, it is important to note that other ancient civilizations also developed medical practices and institutions.

Iran, historically known as Persia,to Greek world, is one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, with urban settlements dating back to 4000 BC.
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The name "Iran" is derived from the word "Aryan" and has been in use natively since at least from Avestan time .

Historical Overview:

Ancient Empires: Iran's history features several significant empires, including the Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC) founded by Cyrus the Great, which was the largest empire the world had seen, spanning from the Balkans to North Africa and Central Asia.
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Successive empires such as the Parthian and Sasanian further solidified Iran's influence in the region.

Islamic Era: The Muslim conquest in the 7th century led to the decline of Zoroastrianism and the rise of Islam in Iran. Despite these changes, Iran maintained its cultural identity, contributing significantly to Islamic civilization. Persian scholars made notable advancements in various fields, including literature, science, and philosophy.
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Modern Period: In the 16th century, the Safavid dynasty established Shia Islam as the official religion, distinguishing Iran from its Sunni neighbors. The 20th century saw significant events such as the Persian Constitutional Revolution, the establishment of the Pahlavi dynasty

Contributions to World Civilization:

Culture and Arts: Iran has a rich cultural heritage, influencing art, architecture, poetry, and music. The Persian language and literature, exemplified by poets like Rumi and Hafez, have had a profound impact on the literary world.
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Science and Philosophy: Persian scholars have made significant contributions to various fields. For instance, Avicenna (Ibn Sina) was a pivotal figure in medicine and philosophy during the Islamic Golden Age.
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Political Thought: Iran's historical experiences have influenced political thought, particularly in the context of governance, law, and the interplay between religion and state.

In summary, Iran's rich history and cultural heritage have significantly shaped its national identity and contributed to global civilization in numerous ways.

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Zarathustra, also known as Zoroaster, was an ancient Iranian prophet whose teachings laid the foundation for Zoroastrianism. Central to his philosophy is the concept of dualism, portraying life as a constant battle between the forces of good and evil. He emphasized the importance of individual choice in this struggle, advocating for the cultivation of good thoughts, good words, and good deeds.
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Zarathustra introduced the worship of Ahura Mazda, the "All-knowing Lord," as the supreme deity, representing truth and order. Opposing Ahura Mazda is Angra Mainyu, the destructive spirit embodying falsehood and chaos. This dichotomy underscores the moral responsibility of individuals to align themselves with truth and righteousness.
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A key aspect of Zarathustra's teachings is the emphasis on purity, both physical and spiritual. He advocated for maintaining cleanliness in daily life and purity of mind through good thoughts, words, and deeds. This holistic approach to purity was seen as essential for personal and communal well-being.
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In summary, Zarathustra's teachings revolve around the principles of dualism, the worship of Ahura Mazda, the moral imperative of good thoughts, words, and deeds, and the pursuit of purity in all aspects of life.

Great Iranian literature has significantly influenced world literature, particularly in the West, through various notable instances:

Edward FitzGerald's Translation of Omar Khayyam: In 1859, Edward FitzGerald translated Omar Khayyam's Rubaiyat, introducing Western audiences to Persian poetry. Phrases like "A jug of Wine, a loaf of Bread—and Thou" became widely recognized.
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Goethe's West-östlicher Divan: Inspired by the ghazals of Hafiz, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe published this collection in 1819, bridging Eastern and Western literary traditions.
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Ralph Waldo Emerson's Essays: Emerson expressed admiration for Persian poetry in his essays "Persian Poetry," "From the Persian of Hafiz," and "Ghaselle," contributing to the appreciation of Persian literature in the West.
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Matthew Arnold's "Sohrab and Rustum": In 1853, Arnold adapted a story from Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, bringing Persian epic tales to English readers.
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Nietzsche's Thus Spoke Zarathustra: Friedrich Nietzsche referenced the ancient Persian prophet Zoroaster, reflecting the impact of Persian thought on his philosophy.
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These examples illustrate the profound impact of Persian literature on global literary traditions.

Iran, historically has significantly influenced world civilizations through various contributions:

Empire Building and Governance: The Achaemenid Empire (c. 550–330 BC) established one of the largest empires in history, introducing administrative innovations and a centralized bureaucratic system that influenced subsequent empires.
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Cultural and Artistic Achievements: Persian art, including metalwork, rock carvings, weaving, and architecture, has left a lasting legacy. The development of unique architectural styles, such as the use of intricate tile work and expansive gardens, has influenced structures worldwide.
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Literature and Philosophy: Persian literature, exemplified by poets like Rumi and Hafez, has enriched world literature with themes of love, mysticism, and humanism. Iranian philosophers have also contributed to various fields, blending pre-Islamic and Islamic thought.
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Scientific and Technological Innovations: Iranian scholars have played pivotal roles in the development of algebra, trigonometry, and medicine. Innovations such as the qanat (subterranean aqueducts) and wind catchers for natural ventilation showcase Iran's engineering ingenuity.
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Religious and Ethical Contributions: Zoroastrianism, one of the world's oldest monotheistic religions, originated in ancient Iran, influencing other major religions. The Cyrus Cylinder, from the reign of Cyrus the Great, is often regarded as an early charter of human rights.
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Through these multifaceted contributions, Iran has played a crucial role in shaping global civilization.

Zoroastrianism, founded by the prophet Zoroaster (also known as Zarathustra), has significantly influenced several major world religions, particularly the Abrahamic faiths—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Scholars note that concepts such as monotheism, the dualistic struggle between good and evil, eschatology (including ideas of heaven, hell, and final judgment), and the notion of a messianic savior are present in Zoroastrianism and have parallels in these later religions.
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During the period of the Babylonian captivity, Jews were exposed to Zoroastrian beliefs, which may have influenced Jewish angelology, demonology, and eschatological views. These elements appear to have been integrated into Jewish thought and subsequently into Christian and Islamic doctrines.
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Additionally, Zoroastrianism's emphasis on moral dualism and the cosmic battle between Ahura Mazda (the supreme god) and Angra Mainyu (the evil spirit) has parallels in the portrayal of God and Satan in Abrahamic traditions.
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While the extent of Zoroastrianism's influence is subject to scholarly debate, its contributions to the development of religious concepts in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are widely acknowledged.
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The influence of Zarathushtra's (Zoroaster's) teachings on ancient Greek philosophers has been a subject of scholarly discussion, though definitive conclusions are challenging due to limited historical evidence. Several ancient Greek philosophers are believed to have been influenced by Zoroastrian philosophy:

Pythagoras: Pliny the Elder noted that Pythagoras traveled east to study under the Persian magi, suggesting that Zoroastrian teachings may have influenced his philosophical views.
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Plato: Some scholars propose that Plato incorporated elements of Zoroastrian philosophy into his own work, possibly through his association with Eudoxus of Cnidus, who had studied Persian philosophy.
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Heraclitus: He is often referred to as being inspired by Zoroaster's thinking, indicating a possible influence on his philosophical perspectives.
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While these instances suggest potential influences, the precise impact of Zarathushtra's teachings on Greek philosophy remains a topic of ongoing research and debate among scholars.

Iranian elements and influence in European Renaissance   Yes, Persian elements significantly influenced the European Renaissance across various domains:

Astronomy and Science: Persian scholars made notable contributions to astronomy, which later permeated into European knowledge. For instance, the works of Persian astronomers were transmitted to Europe through translations and interactions, particularly during the period when Toledo became a center for astronomical studies. This exchange played a role in shaping European astronomical advancements leading up to the Renaissance.
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Art and Decorative Arts: Oriental carpets, including those of Persian origin, were highly valued in Europe during the Renaissance. These carpets often appeared in European paintings, symbolizing wealth and status. The depiction of such carpets in artworks indicates a cultural appreciation and the integration of Persian artistic elements into European visual culture.
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Language and Literature: While the knowledge of Persian language remained limited in Europe until the seventeenth century, there were attempts to establish schools for its study. This interest laid the groundwork for future scholarly exchanges and the eventual incorporation of Persian literary and scientific works into European thought.
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These instances illustrate the subtle yet significant Persian influences that contributed to the cultural and intellectual developments of the European Renaissance.

Plato's philosophical ideas exhibit notable parallels with Zoroastrian teachings, suggesting potential influence. Scholars have observed that Plato's theory of ideal forms or universals may have been shaped by Zoroastrian concepts. This connection is supported by the fact that Plato likely became acquainted with Zoroastrian philosophy through Eudoxus of Cnidus, who had knowledge of the doctrines of the Magi.
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Additionally, in the 3rd century BC, Colotes accused Plato's "The Republic" of plagiarizing parts of Zoroaster's "On Nature," such as the Myth of Er.
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While direct evidence of Plato's exposure to Zoroastrianism is limited, these scholarly observations indicate that Zoroastrian teachings may have influenced his philosophical development

Pythagoras as follower of Iranian philosophy who lived around 570–495 BCE
Ancient sources claim that Pythagoras learned aspects of his philosophy from Zoroaster, including concepts like cosmic dualism.
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Additionally, it is reported that Pythagoras traveled extensively and studied under various teachers, including the Magi in Persia, who were followers of Zoroastrianism.
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These accounts suggest that while Pythagoras was not a direct student of Zarathustra, he have been influenced by Zoroastrian teachings through his interactions with Persian scholars.