PTE EXERCISE

❇️Analysis of the answers:
1. Convention (n.) : based on the meaning “convention” is correct.
2. Treaty (n.) : before the gap an adjective and an article is used so a noun must be used in the gap and based on meaning “treaty” is correct.
3. Consequences (n.) : after the article “the” a noun must be used and based on meaning “consequences” is correct.
4. Exposure (n.) : “and” has a parallel role and words before and after it must of a same grammatical role and based on meaning “exposure” is correct.
5. Hazardous (adj.) : based on English word order after a verb, an adjective can be used and based on meaning “hazardous” is correct.
6. Acute (adj.) : before the gap an article is used and after the gap a noun is used so an adjective must be used in the gap and based on meaning “acute” is correct.
7. Nausea (n.) : based on English word order after a verb, a noun can be used and based on meaning “nausea” is correct.


تحلیل :
1. براساس معنا کلمه convention صحیح است.
2. قبل از جای خالی حرف تعریف و صفت آمده است پس در جای خالی اسم استفاده میشود که براساس معنا treaty صحیح است.
3. بعد از حرف تعریف the اسم استفاده میشود که براساس معنا کلمه consequences صحیح است.
4. and نقش موازی دارد و کلمات قبل و بعد از آن باید یک نقش دستوری داشته باشند و براساس معنا exposure صحیح است.
5. براساس چینش کلمات انگلیسی بعد از فعل, صفت میتواند استفاده شود که براساس معنا hazardous صحیح است.
6. قبل از جای خالی حرف تعریف و بعد از آن اسم استفاده شده است پس در جای خالی صفت می آید که براساس معنا acute صحیح است.
7. براساس چینش کلمات انگلیسی بعد از فعل اسم هم میتواند استفاده شود که براساس معنا nausea صحیح است.


1. Convention (n.) : a large meeting or conference, especially of members of a group.
2. Treaty (n.) : a formally concluded and ratified agreement between states. معاهده
3. Consequences (n.) : a result or effect, typically one that is unwelcome or unpleasant. عواقب
4. Exposure (n.) : the state of having no protection from something harmful. قرار گرفتن در معرض
5. Hazardous (adj.) : risky; dangerous. خطرناک
6. Acute (adj.) : present or experienced to a severe or intense degree. حاد
7. Nausea (n.) : a feeling of sickness with an inclination to vomit. حالت تهوع
#RFIB _ S.52

✅ Answer:
1. Convention 2. Treaty 3. Consequences 4. Exposure 5. Hazardous 6. Acute 7. Nausea
#RFIB _ S.52

Indonesia is one of a few countries that have not signed the World Health Organization’s Framework ---1--- on Tobacco Control – a global public health ---2--- aimed at protecting the population from the ---3--- of tobacco consumption and ---4--- to tobacco smoke. The working conditions are ---5--- and the children suffer from ‘green tobacco sickness’ – an ---6--- nicotine poisoning. Some of the symptoms they commonly experience are ---7---, headaches and dizzy spells.

A) Exposure B) Nausea C) Convention D) Exposition E) Treaty
F) Haphazard G) Acute H) Consequences I) Hazardous
#RFIB _ S.52

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❇️Analysis of the answers:
1. Kneeling (adj.): after the main verb, the second verb must be used either in gerund or infinitive form, here based on meaning “kneeling” is correct.
2. Offences (n.): the gap is after a number and after a number we must use a noun and based on meaning “offences” is correct.
3. Assisted (v.): the word “who” before the gap is used as a pronoun and after a noun we must use a verb and based on meaning “assisted” is correct.
4. Abetting (n.): the word “and” has parallel role which means the words after and before it must have the same grammatical function and based on meaning “abetting” is correct.
5. Outrage (n.): after the preposition “of” we must use a noun and based on meaning “outrage” is correct.
6. Trial (n.): after the article “the” we must use a noun and based on meaning “trial” is correct.
7. Racial (adj.): the gap is between an article and a noun so we must use an adjective in the gap and based on meaning “racial” is correct.
8. Civil (adj.): the word after the gap is a noun so in the gap we must use an adjective and based on meaning “civil” is correct.
تحلیل :
1. بعد از فعل اصلی, فعلی دیگری که می آید باید یا به صورت gerund و یا infinitive استفاده شود و با توجه به معنا کلمه kneeling صحیح است.
2. جای خالی بعد از عدد آمده است پس در جای خالی باید از اسم استفاده شود و با توجه به معنا کلمه offences صحیح است.
3. کلمه who که قبل از جای خالی آمده است به عنوان یک ضمیر استفاده شده است و بعد از آن فعل استفاده میشود که با توجه به معنا کلمه assisted صحیح است.
4. کلمه and نقش موازی و کلمات قبل و بعد از آن باید گرامر یکسانی داشته باشند و براساس معنا کلمه abetting صحیح است.
5. بعد از حرف اضافه of اسم استفاده میشود و براساس معنا کلمه outrage صحیح است.
6. بعد از حرف تعریف the اسم استفاده میشود و براساس معنا کلمه trial صحیح است.
7. جای خالی بین حرف تعریف و اسم است پس در جای خالی باید صفت استفاده شود و براساس معنا کلمه racial صحیح است.
8. کلمه ای که بعد از جای خالی آمده است اسم است پس در جای خالی باید از صفت استفاده کنیم که براساس معنا کلمه civil صحیح است.

1. Kneeling (adj.): be in or assume a position in which the body is supported by a knee or the knees. زانو زدن
2. Offences (n.): an illegal act. تخلفات
3. Assisted (v.): help (someone), typically by doing a share of the work. کمک کرد
4. Abetting (n.): encourage or assist (someone) to do something wrong, in particular to commit a crime. شریک جرم کسی شدن، تحریک به عمل بد کردن
5. Outrage (n.): an extremely strong reaction of anger, shock, or indignation. خشم
6. Trial (n.): a formal examination of evidence by a judge, typically before a jury, in order to decide guilt in a case of criminal or civil proceedings. آزمایش, قضاوت
7. Racial (adj.): relating to the major groupings into which humankind is sometimes divided on the basis of physical characteristics or shared ancestry.نژادی
8. Civil (adj.): relating to ordinary citizens and their concerns. مدنی
#RFIB _ S.80

✅ Answer:
1. Kneeling 2. Offences 3. Assisted 4. Abetting 5. Outrage 6. Trial
7. Racial 8. Civil
#RFIB _ S.80

Derek Chauvin was filmed ----1---- on Floyd´s neck for about nine minutes, and he is charged with three ----2---- over Floyd´s death in May 2020. Three other police officers who ----3---- the arrest of George Floyd are set to go on trial in August on aiding and ----4---- charges. George Floyd´s death sparked wave of ----5---- and activism across the globe, and many people see the ----6---- as a test of the US legal system´s handling of ----7---- injustice. Floyd´s family agreed to a 27-million-dollar ----8---- settlement with the city of Minneapolis in March.

A) Civil B) Kneeling C) Demoralize D) Trial E) Offences F) Facilitating
G) Assisted H) Racial I) Collaborate J) Outrage K) Abetting

#RFIB _ S.80

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❇️Analysis of the answers:

1. Ripping out (v.): after the preposition “for” we must use a noun and a gerund verb can take the role of a noun and based on meaning “ripping out” is correct.
2. Posed (v.): according to English word order after a noun we must use a verb and based on meaning “posed” is correct.
3. Vehemently (adv.): based on English word order after a verb, an adjective can be used and based on meaning “vehemently” is correct.
4. Allegation (n.): after the pronoun “this” we must use a noun and based on meaning “allegation” is correct.
5. Expected (v.): the sentence is passive which is to-be + past participle and based on meaning “expected” is correct.

تحلیل :
1. بعد از حرف اضافه of اسم استفاده میشود و فعل در حالت gerund(-ing) میتواند نقش اسم را نیز ایفا کند و با توجه به معنا فعل ripping out صحیح است.
2. با توجه به چینش کلمات در انگلیسی بعد از اسم باید فعل استفاده شود و براساس معنا کلمه posed صحیح است.
3. با توجه به چینش کلمات در انگلیسی بعد از فعل میتوانیم صفت نیز استفاده کنیم و با توجه به معنا کلمه vehemently صحیح است.
4. بعد از this که یک determiner است اسم استفاده میشود و براساس معنا کلمه allegation صحیح است.
5. جمله در حالت passive است که دستور آن to-be verb + past participle میباشد و با توجه به معنا کلمه expected صحیح است.

1. Ripping out (v.): To tear, pull, or wrest someone or something out (of someone or something), especially in a violent, forceful manner. از هم جدا کردن
2. Posed (v.): to cause something, especially a problem or difficulty. موجب شدن
3. Vehemently (adv.): in a strong and emotional way. شدید
4. Allegation (n.): a statement which has not been proved to be true which says that someone has done something wrong or illegal. اتهام
5. Expected (v.): to think or believe something will happen. انتظار رفتن
#RFIB _ S.105

✅ Answer:
1. Ripping out 2. Posed 3. Vehemently 4. Allegation 5. Expected
#RFIB _ S.105

The process of ----1---- 5G mobile equipment has begun for thousands of network towers across Europe. Countries including the UK, France, and Sweden are doing this work because the United States said that China’s Huawei ----2---- an unacceptable risk to national security. Huawei has ----3---- and repeatedly denied this ----4----. Transplanting Huawei technology is ----5---- to cost hundreds of millions of dollars and several years to complete.

A) Posed B) Allegation C) Encumber D) Ripping out E) Attribution
F) Expected G) Vehemently
#RFIB _ S.105

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❇️Analysis of the answers:

1. Exorbitant (adj.): after the gap a noun is used so in the gap we must use an adjective and based on meaning “exorbitant” is correct.
2. Portals (n.): after the adjective “online” we must use a noun and based on meaning “portals” is correct.
3. Scarcity (n.): after the article “the” we must use a noun and based on meaning “scarcity” is correct.
4. Hoarding (v.): the verb that is used after the main verb must be either in gerund form or to + infinitive and based on meaning “hoarding” is correct.
5. Equipment (n.): after the article “the” we must use a noun and based on meaning “equipment” is correct.

تحلیل :
1. بعد از جای خالی اسم استفاده شده است پس در جای خالی باید صفت استفاده شود و با توجه به معنا کلمه exorbitant صحیح است.
2. بعد از صفت online اسم استفاده میشود و براساس معنا کلمه portals صحیح است.
3. بعد از حرف تعریف the اسم باید استفاده شود و براساس معنا کلمه scarcity صحیح است.
4. بعد از فعل اصلی, فعل بعدی باید یا در حالت gerund و یا to + infinitive استفاده شود و براساس معنا کلمه hoarding صحیح است.
5. بعد از حرف تعریف the اسم باید استفاده شود و براساس معنا کلمه equipment صحیح است.

1. Exorbitant (adj.): (of a price or amount charged) unreasonably high. گزاف
2. Portals (n.): a doorway, gate, or other entrance, especially a large and imposing one. درگاه ها
3. Scarcity (n.): the state of being scarce or in short supply; shortage. کمبود
4. Hoarding (v.): to collect large amounts of something and keep it in a safe, often secret, place. ذخیره, احتکار
5. Equipment (n.): the necessary items for a particular purpose. تجهیزات
#RFIB _ S.102

✅ Answer:
1. Exorbitant 2. Portals 3. Scarcity 4. Hoarding 5. Equipment
#RFIB _ S.102

Four people were arrested in New Delhi, India, for putting on the black market oxygen concentrators at ----1---- prices through online ----2----. Due to the ----3---- of oxygen concentrators in the market during the pandemic, they started ----4---- the life-saving equipment and they sold them at a high price. The four men hid the ----5---- in a restaurant and a bar at Central Market in Lodhi Colony.

A) Equipment B) Scarcity C) Lodge D) Exorbitant
E) Hoarding F) Meager G) Portals

#RFIB _ S.102

🖥 The phenomenon of climate change, driven primarily by anthropogenic activities, manifests in the alteration of global weather patterns and the exacerbation of extreme events. This complex interplay between greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, and industrial processes accelerates the warming of the Earth's atmosphere. Consequently, ecosystems and biodiversity face unprecedented challenges, necessitating urgent and coordinated international efforts.


✳️ Check out the boldfaced words in a dictionary to study their pronunciation, collocations, parts of speech, and examples.

#Read_Aloud #RA

Sample Noun Phrases:


💠Disabled people

💠personal computers

💠word processing programs

💠becoming very knowledgeable

💠independent students

💠gaining the confidence

💠providers of education

💠electronic format

💠limited manual skills

💠visually impaired people

💠online communication systems


#NPh #Noun_Phrase

Disabled people were among the early adopters of personal computers. They were quick to appreciate that word processing programs and printers gave them freedom from dependence on others to read and write for them. Some of these disabled early adopters became very knowledgeable about what could be achieved and used their knowledge to become independent students at a high level. They also gained the confidence to ask that providers of education make adjustments so that disabled students could make better use of course software and the web, rather than just word processing.
For some disability groups, information in electronic format (whether computer-based or web-based) can be more accessible than printed information. For example, people who have limited mobility or limited manual skills can find it difficult to obtain or hold printed material; visually impaired people can find it difficult or impossible to read print, but both these groups can be enabled to use a computer and, therefore, access the information electronically.
Online communication can enable disabled students to communicate with their peers on an equal basis. For example, a deaf student or a student with Asperger’s syndrome may find it difficult to interact in a face-to-face tutorial, but may have less difficulty interacting when using a text conferencing system in which everyone types and reads text. In addition, people’s disabilities are not necessarily visible in online communication systems; so disabled people do nit have to declare their disability and are not perceived as being different.


#NPh #Noun_Phrase