The Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire, also known as the First Persian Empire, was the first and only monarchy that unified a significant portion of the world for over two centuries. At its greatest extent in 480 BCE, the Persian Empire covered eight million square kilometers (some estimate it to be 5.5 million square kilometers), stretching from the Indus Valley in India to the Nile River in Egypt and the region of Benghazi in modern-day Libya, and from the Danube River in Europe to Central Asia. This made it the largest ancient empire in the history of the world.
The Achaemenid Empire, or the First Persian Empire (as referred to in Western sources) (Old Persian: 𐎧𐏁𐏂 'Xšāça') (550–330 BCE), was an ancient Iranian monarchy in Western Asia, founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 BCE.
Under Xerxes I, the empire reached its greatest territorial extent, stretching from the Crimean Peninsula, the Balkans, and Eastern Europe in the west to the Indus Valley in the east. This empire was the largest in the world up to that time, covering a total of 5.5 million square kilometers (2.1 million square miles). It was also considered the world's first superpower.
Persis, located in the southwest of the Iranian Plateau, was the region where the Achaemenid dynasty rose to power. After several centuries of ruling this area (see: Kingdom of Anshan), a member of this dynasty named Cyrus the Great conquered the Median Empire, the Kingdom of Lydia, and the Neo-Babylonian Empire, establishing the Achaemenid Empire. The state he founded ruled over nearly the entire civilized world of that time for over two centuries until its collapse at the hands of Alexander the Great in 330 BCE.
Alexander died just a few years after conquering the empire, leading to the disintegration of the former Achaemenid territories. These lands were never again united under a single banner
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