📝Grammar_rules
📝First_lesson "Types of word"
❶ Nouns
Definition: is a word or set of words for a person, place, thing, or idea.
In this dictionary the word noun is represented by the letter n.
Examples
Doctor , coal , and beauty are all nouns.
- امثلة للاسم المعدود وغير المعدود
- An example of a countable noun is table , and an example of an uncountable noun is money .
In safety barrier , the noun safety is being used as a modifier.
- امثلة على اسماء العلم
- Examples of proper nouns in English are Joseph, Vienna and the White House.
أمثلة على الأسماء الجماعية
Examples of collective nouns in English are Family and flock.
❷ Pronouns
What is a Pronoun?
In grammar, a pronoun is defined as a word or phrase that may be substituted for a noun or noun phrase, which once replaced, is known as the pronoun’s antecedent.
How is this possible?
In a nutshell, it’s because pronouns can do everything that nouns can do. A pronoun can act as a subject, direct object, indirect object, object of the preposition, and more.
Without pronouns, we’d have to keep on repeating nouns, and that would make our speech and writing repetitive, not to mention cumbersome. Most pronouns are very short words.
Examples include: He, She, They, It, We, Who
We use pronouns in place of nouns and noun phrases
Exmples:
- The children were in the garden. - - They were getting wet.
[pointing to a parcel]
A: What’s in that?
B: I don’t know. It’s for you.
- You don’t need to make me a cup of tea. I’ll do it myself.
Pronouns can also act as the head of noun phrases, with pre- and postmodifiers and complements
Exmples:
A: Did you mean you think she’s wrong?
B: Yes, I meant just that. (premodified pronoun⇒ ضمير معدل مسبقاً)
- I made cakes and she ate them all. (postmodified pronoun)
- We’re looking for someone young and energetic. (pronoun and complement)
There are different types of pronouns:
- ضمائر شخصية :
- personal: I/me, you, we/us, she/her, it, they/them
- ضمائر ملكية:
- possessive: mine, ours, hers..etc
- ضمائر انعاكسية أو منعكسة:
- reflexive: ourselves, myself, himself..etc
- ضمائر استفاهمية:
- interrogative: who, whose, which, what
- ضمائر الإشارة:
- demonstrative: this, that, these, those
- ضمائر غير محدودة( مبهمة/ غير معينة):
- indefinite: -body, -one, -thing, one, you, they
- ضمائر متبادلة(مشتركة):
- reciprocal: each other/each other’s, one another/one another’s
- ضمائر الموصول:
- relative: who, whom, whose, which, that
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